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The Graphite Crisis
Articles, reports, and government documents telling the story.
+ Essential Reading
Domestic
Mar 2026
USITC Clears Chinese Anode Material Imports
USITC ruled Chinese active anode material imports do not injure U.S. industry, ending antidumping investigations without trade relief.
United States International Trade Commission
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Government
May 2025
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025
Without China, remaining graphite supplies would cover only 35-40% of projected 2035 demand. The worst vulnerability of any energy mineral assessed.
International Energy Agency
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China Restrictions
Oct 2023
China Tightens Its Chokehold on Graphite
China announced export permits on graphite, escalating the U.S.-China technology rivalry. The move sent shockwaves through battery and defense supply chains.
Wall Street Journal
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China Restrictions
Domestic
Government
Policy
Domestic
Dec 2024
Researchers Turn Coal Into Graphite
Industry leaders called the surprise move bold and unexpected.
Oak Ridge Natl Lab
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Domestic
Jan 2026
American Company Restarts Domestic Graphite
First U.S. graphite processing since 1956.
Fox Business
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Domestic
Dec 2024
$754.8M Loan for Domestic Synthetic Graphite
Conditional commitment to NOVONIX for manufacturing in Tennessee.
Dept. of Energy
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Government
Dec 2024
DOD Leverages DPA for Critical Supply Chains
Defense Department using DPA funding for domestic graphite capacity.
Dept. of War
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Government
Jan 2026
Critical Mineral Resources: National Policy
Graphite on both the 2022 and 2025 critical minerals lists.
CRS
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Government
Jul 2023
2023 DOE Critical Materials Assessment
Definitive designation of graphite as critical with high supply risk.
Dept. of Energy
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Policy
Oct 2023
China's New Graphite Restrictions
China produces 90% of graphite and refines over 90% into battery-grade material.
CSIS
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China Restrictions
Jan 2024
Chinese Graphite Exports Plunge 91%
Natural graphite exports fell from 45,000 to 3,973 tons in a single month.
Bloomberg
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China Restrictions
Oct 2023
Top Graphite Producer Tightens Exports
Industry leaders called the surprise move bold and unexpected.
Reuters / CNBC
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Domestic
Mar 2025
White House — Immediate Measures to Increase American Mineral Production
China announced export permits on graphite, escalating the U.S.-China technology rivalry. The move sent shockwaves through supply chains.
The White House
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